Inclusive Innovation for Development by Theo Papaioannou

Author:Theo Papaioannou [Papaioannou, Theo]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Social Science, Developing & Emerging Countries
ISBN: 9781351396233
Google: 82JgDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2018-06-14T03:38:47+00:00

3.3 Emerging models of innovation

What do we mean by ‘new emerging models of innovation’? What are their characteristics? How inclusive are such models in terms of meeting the basic needs and interests of poor people? By reviewing the growing literature on this topic, one can identify two emerging models of innovation: ‘frugal’ innovations, i.e. simplified versions of existing technological products; and ‘grassroots or below the radar’ innovations, i.e. innovations generated by low- and middle-income groups drawing on traditional knowledge and available technologies.

Both ‘frugal’ and ‘grassroots or below the radar’ innovations can be justified as new models because they embody a number of social and technical changes. Heeks et al. (2014: 2) summarise these changes as follows:

Significant involvement of the private sector and global value chains in innovation for the poor;

The development of poor consumers as an accessible mass market;

Growth and technological capabilities within developing countries; and

The involvement of new technologies, especially information and communication technologies such as mobile phones.

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